Overview
Aims
The aim of this course is to provide students with the theoretical foundation and practical skills needed to execute and adjust subterranean control networks, perform high-precision setting-out and breakthrough control of underground drifts, and produce standardized mining plans using specialized underground instrumentation and CAD software.
Specific objectives To understand the typology, geometry, and terminology of underground mining excavations; To execute surveying and setting-out operations within mining perimeters; To apply subterranean surveying techniques to practical engineering problems
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Course contents
1: Introduction to Underground Surveying
2: Underground Station Marking and Signalization
3: Surface Control Networks for Underground Works
4: Surveying Connections via Access Drifts and Inclined Shafts
5: Direction Control and Azimuth Transfer via Optoelectronic Methods
6: Underground Traverse Networks (I) – Classification and Execution
7: Underground Traverse Networks (II) – Measurements and Adjustment
8: Underground Levelling (Height Transfer - Z Co-ordinates)
9: Underground Setting-Out and Alignment Control
10: Detail Surveying and Cross-Sectional Profiling
11: Surveying for Underground Breakthroughs (Breakthrough Errors)
12: Convergence Monitoring and Ground Movement Measurements
13: Mining Cartography and Map Production
14: Volume Computation of Excavated Mineral Mass and Final Reporting
Learning outcomes
Applying geodetic, levelling, and setting-out methods to control geometry in underground mines and tunnels; Operating specialized underground surveying instruments under unfavorable environmental conditions; Executing, adjusting, and evaluating error propagation in underground control traverses and levelling networks; Calculating setting-out data and controlling drift alignments, curves, and breakthroughs within spatial tolerances; Drafting standardized mining plans and cross-sections using CAD software, and computing excavated volumes.
Assessment
Colloquy at least 2 test subjects - written examination (60% of the final grade)Test of the lab - practical (40% of the final grade)